中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
国家卫健委:“白肺”与原始毒株、疫苗接种无关******
12月27日，国务院联防联控机制召开新闻发布会。针对网络上关于“白肺”的信息，国家卫生健康委医政司司长焦雅辉回应，现在出现的所谓“白肺”与原始毒株和疫苗接种没有关系,并且当前的流行优势毒株仍然是奥密克戎毒株。
什么叫“白肺”？焦雅辉解释，“白肺”是肺部影像学表现的一个口语化描述。肺部是由肺泡组成的，肺泡里面充满空气，进行CT或者X线检查的时候，射线穿过肺泡，影像表现为黑色区域;但是当肺泡里出现炎症或感染、有渗出液和炎性细胞的时候，肺泡就会被这些渗出液和炎性细胞所填充，射线就穿不透，从而在影像学上出现白色区域。这个白色区域反映出来的是渗出物的影像学表现，并不是说肺脏组织实体变成了白色。随着渗出液的吸收、炎症的消退，“白肺”的表现会逐渐消退，肺部的影像学表现也会逐步恢复为黑色区域。
焦雅辉强调，并不是只要肺部出现了炎症就叫“白肺”，“白肺”是比较严重的肺炎表现。一般来讲，肺部的炎症比较重、渗出得比较多，也就是白色影像区域面积达到了70%-80%的时候，在临床上大家就将其口语化地称为“白肺”。这个阶段患者会出现低氧血症或呼吸窘迫。这样的患者占比非常低,多见于高龄合并严重基础疾病的患者可能出现。现在网络上所说的“白肺”有的不是真正的“白肺”，有的并没有达到很严重的程度，却把它误称为“白肺”。
焦雅辉介绍,不仅仅是新冠病毒，多个病原体都可以引发肺部炎症。例如,呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒，包括一些细菌，如军团菌都可以引发肺部的炎症，严重的时候都可以出现炎症表现。对此,我国有成熟的专家共识和治疗方案，主要是俯卧位通气以及给氧治疗，包括无创呼吸机、有创呼吸机，还有ECMO。加强原发病的病因治疗，白肺患者中有相当部分可以好转。
“借此机会呼吁，我们一定要加强老年人的健康状况监测，做到关口前移。老年人发生感染，尤其是出现呼吸困难等转重的情况，一定要及时就诊。我们也要求，对于老年重症患者，不需要经过分级诊疗逐级转诊，要直接转诊到三级医院进行就诊救治。”焦雅辉说。(光明网编辑郝梦晗整理,资料来源:国家卫生健康委“健康中国”公众号)
